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Fibonacci series using recursion #include < stdio.h > int Fibonacci(int); main() {   int n, i = 0, c;   printf("Enter the number of terms ");   scanf("%d",&n);   printf("First %d terms of Fibonacci series are :-\n", n);   for ( c = 1 ; c < = n ; c++ )   {   printf("%d\n", Fibonacci(i));   i++;   }   return 0; } int Fibonacci(int n) {   if ( n == 0 )   return 0;   else if ( n == 1 )   return 1;   else   return ( Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2) );   /*adding Fibonacci of (n-1) & (n-2) by recursive calling it*/ }

Fibonacci series using loop #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int n, first = 0, second = 1, next, c;   printf("Enter the number of terms\n");   scanf("%d",&n);   printf("First %d terms of Fibonacci series are :-\n",n);   for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )   {   if ( c < = 1 )   next = c;   else   {   next = first + second;   first = second;   second = next;   /*replaced first no by second & second by addition of first & second */   }   printf("%d\n",next);   }   return 0; }

Hello World #include < stdio.h > //tells compiler to include std input output header file. int main() {   printf("Hello world\n");   //prints Hello world on user screen   return 0;   }

Area of triangle #include < stdio.h > void main() {   int height, base;   float ans;/*ans may come in fractions*/   printf("Enter height and base");   scanf("%d %d",&height, &base);   ans= (1/2)*height*base;   /* mathematical formula*/   printf("Area if triangle is %f",ans); }

Odd or Even #include < stdio.h > main() {   int n;   printf("Enter an integer\n");   scanf("%d",&n); /*if n is completely divisible by 2 then prints even otherwise n is odd*/   if ( n%2 == 0 )     printf("Even\n");   else     printf("Odd\n");   return 0; }

Add n numbers #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int n, sum = 0, c, value;   printf("Enter the number of integers you want to add\n");   scanf("%d", &n);   printf("Enter %d integers\n",n);   for (c = 1; c <= n; c++)   {   scanf("%d",&value);   sum = sum + value;   /*adding each no in sum*/   }   printf("Sum of entered integers = %d\n",sum);   return 0; }

Add subtract multiply divide #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int first, second, add, subtract, multiply;   float divide;   printf("Enter two integers\n");   scanf("%d%d", &first, &second);   add = first + second;   subtract = first - second;   multiply = first * second;   divide = first / (float)second;   //typecasting   printf("Sum = %d\n",add);   printf("Difference = %d\n",subtract);   printf("Multiplication = %d\n",multiply);   printf("Division = %.2f\n",divide);   return 0; }

Add digits #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int n, sum = 0, remainder;   printf("Enter an integer\n");   scanf("%d",&n);   while(n != 0)   {   remainder = n % 10;  /*stores unit place digit to remainder*/   sum = sum + remainder;   n = n / 10;  /*dividing no to discard unit place digit*/   }   printf("Sum of digits of entered number = %d\n",sum);   return 0; }

Greatest of 3 numbers #include < stdio.h > void main() { int a,b,c; printf("enter any three numbers:\n"); scanf("%d%d%d",&a, &b, &c); if(a>b&&a>c) /*if a is greater than b & c*/ printf("greatest number is: %d",a); else if(b>c) /*if not a then if b is greater than c*/ printf("greatest number is: %d",b); else /*if a & b are not greater*/ printf("greatest number is: %d",c); }

Swapping two numbers #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int x, y, temp;   printf("Enter the value of x and y\n");   scanf("%d%d", &x, &y);   printf("Before Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n",x,y);   temp = x;   x = y;   y = temp; /*using temp to swap storing x to temp and y to x then moving temp to y*/   printf("After Swapping\nx = %d\ny = %d\n",x,y);   return 0; }

Nested If Else #include < stdio.h > void main() {   int marks;   printf("Enter your marks : ");   scanf("%d",&marks);   if(marks>100) /*marks greater than 100*/     printf("Not valid marks");   else if(marks>=80) /*marks between 80 & 99*/     printf("your grade is A");   else if(marks >=70) /*marks between 70 & 79*/     printf("your grade is B");   else if(marks>=50) /*marks between 50 & 69*/     printf("your grade is C");   else if(marks>=35) /*marks between 35 & 49*/     printf("your grade is D");   else /*marks less than 35*/     printf("your grade is E"); }

Calculate percentage #include < stdio.h > void main() { int s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, sum, total = 500; float per; printf("\nEnter marks of 5 subjects : "); scanf("%d %d %d %d %d", &s1, &s2, &s3, &s4, &s5); sum = s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 + s5; printf("\nSum : %d", sum); per = (sum * 100)/500; /* percentage formula*/ printf("\nPercentage : %f", per); }

Calculate Gross salary #include < stdio.h > void main() { int gross_salary, basic, da, ta; printf("Enter basic salary : "); scanf("%d", &basic); da = (10 * basic)/100; ta = (12 * basic)/100; gross_salary = basic + da + ta; printf("\nGross salary : %d",gross_salary); }

Print Integer #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int a;   printf("Enter an integer\n");   scanf("%d", &a);   //takes an integer from user   printf("Integer that you have entered is %d\n", a);   return 0; }

Simple interest #include < stdio.h > void main() { int amount, rate, time, ans; printf("\nEnter Principal Amount : "); scanf("%d", &amount); printf("\nEnter Rate of Interest : "); scanf("%d", &rate); printf("\nEnter Period of Time : "); scanf("%d", &time); ans = (amount * rate * time)/100; /*Simple interest formula*/ printf("\nSimple Interest : %d",ans); }

Factorial using recursion #include < stdio.h > long factorial(int); int main() {   int n;   long f;   printf("Enter an integer to find factorial\n");   scanf("%d", &n);   if (n < 0)   printf("Negative integers are not allowed.\n");   else   {   f = factorial(n);   printf("%d! = %ld\n", n, f);   }   return 0; } long factorial(int n) {   if (n == 0)   return 1;   else   return(n * factorial(n-1));   /*recursive call to factorial function*/ }

Factorial using function #include < stdio.h > long factorial(int); int main() {   int number;   long fact = 1;   printf("Enter a number to calculate it's factorial\n");   scanf("%d", &number);   printf("%d! = %ld\n", number, factorial(number));   return 0; } long factorial(int n) {   int c;   long result = 1;   for (c = 1; c <= n; c++)   result = result * c;  /*multiplying result by 1,2,3...n */   return result; }

Temperature conversion #include < stdio.h > void main() { int from , to; float value; printf("Temperature Conversion\n"); printf("Enter no of Unit to covert from : \n 1.celcius\n 2. Farenheit\n 3. Kelvin"); scanf("%d",&from); printf("Enter no of Unit to covert to : \n 1.celcius\n 2. Farenheit\n 3. Kelvin"); scanf("%d",&to); printf("Enter The value to convert: "); scanf("%f",&value); /*converting given value from specified unit to Kelvin*/ switch(from) {   case 1:   value= value + 273.15; break;   case 2:   value= (value+459.67)*5/9; break;   case 3: break;   default: break;   } /*converting value from Kelvin to specified unit*/ switch(to) {   case 1:   value= value-273.15; break;   case 2:   value= value*9/5-459.67; break;   case 3: break;   default: break;   } printf("Converted Value : %f", value); }

Generate armstrong number #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int r;   long number = 0, c, sum = 0, temp;   printf("Enter an integer upto which you want to find armstrong numbers\n");   scanf("%ld",&number);   printf("Following armstrong numbers are found from 1 to %ld\n",number); /*if sum of cubes of each digit in a number is same as the number then it is called as armstrong no.*/   for( c = 1 ; c < = number ; c++ )   {   temp = c;   while( temp != 0 )   {   r = temp%10;   sum = sum + r*r*r;   temp = temp/10; /*taking unit place digits cube and adding into sum*/   }   if ( c == sum )   printf("%ld\n", c); /*If no is Armstrong no then print*/   sum = 0;   }   return 0; }

Find armstrong number #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int number, sum = 0, temp, remainder;   printf("Enter an integer\n");   scanf("%d",&number);   temp = number; /*if sum of cubes of each digit in a number is same as the number then it is called as armstrong no.*/   while( temp != 0 )   {   remainder = temp%10;   sum = sum + remainder*remainder*remainder;   temp = temp/10; /*taking unit place digits cube and adding into sum*/   }   if ( number == sum )   printf("Entered number is an armstrong number.\n");   else   printf("Entered number is not an armstrong number.\n");   return 0; }

Perfect Number #include < stdio.h > int main(){ int n,i=1,sum=0; printf("Enter a number: "); scanf("%d",&n); while(i < n){ if(n%i==0) sum=sum+i; i++; } if(sum==n) printf("%d is a perfect number",i); else printf("%d is not a perfect number",i); return 0; }

Prime numbers #include < stdio.h > int check_prime(int); main() {   int i, n, result;   printf("Enter the number of prime numbers required\n");   scanf("%d",&n);   printf("First %d prime numbers are :\n", n);   for(i=0; i < n; i++){   result = check_prime(i);   /*if i is prime then it will return 1*/   if ( result == 1 )     printf("%d \n", i);   }   return 0; } int check_prime(int a) {   int c;   /*starting from 2, if no is completely divisible by any no then it is not prime*/   for ( c = 2 ; c <= a - 1 ; c++ )   {   if ( a%c == 0 )     return 0;   }   if ( c == a )     return 1; }

Palindrome number #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int n, reverse = 0, temp;   printf("Enter a number to check if it is a palindrome or not\n");   scanf("%d",&n);   temp = n;   while( temp != 0 )   {     reverse = reverse * 10;     reverse = reverse + temp%10;     temp = temp/10;   } /*Taking reverse of the given no see reverse no program*/   if ( n == reverse )     /*if reverse is same as n*/     printf("%d is a palindrome number.\n", n);   else     printf("%d is not a palindrome number.\n", n);   return 0; }

Reverse number using array #include < stdio.h > void main() { int n, array[100], i; printf("Enter no of digits in your number"); scanf("%d",&n); printf("Enter no.") for(i=0,i < n;i++) scanf("%d",&a[i]); /*storing each no in array*/ printf("Reverse no is : "); for(i=n-1,i > =0;i--) printf("%d",a[i]); /*Printing array in reverse order*/ }

Reverse number #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int n, reverse = 0;   printf("Enter a number to reverse\n");   scanf("%d",&n);   while (n != 0) {   reverse = reverse * 10;   reverse = reverse + n%10;   n = n/10; } /*taking unit place digit of no and moving to reverse Dividing the no to discard unit place digit*/   printf("Reverse of entered number is = %d\n", reverse);   return 0; }

nCr and nPr #include < stdio.h > long factorial(int); long find_ncr(int, int); long find_npr(int, int); main() {   int n, r;   long ncr, npr;   printf("Enter the value of n and r\n");   scanf("%d%d",&n,&r);   ncr = find_ncr(n, r);   npr = find_npr(n, r);   printf("%dC%d = %ld\n", n, r, ncr);   printf("%dP%d = %ld\n", n, r, npr);   return 0; } long find_ncr(int n, int r) {   long result;   result = factorial(n)/(factorial(r)*factorial(n-r));   return result; } long find_npr(int n, int r) {   long result;   result = factorial(n)/factorial(n-r);   return result; } long factorial(int n) {   int c;   long result = 1;   for( c = 1 ; c < = n ; c++ )   result = result*c;   return ( result ); }

HCF and LCM #include < stdio.h > long gcd(long, long); int main() {   long x, y, hcf, lcm;   printf("Enter two integers\n");   scanf("%ld%ld", &x, &y);   hcf = gcd(x, y);   lcm = (x*y)/hcf;   printf("Greatest common divisor of %ld and %ld = %ld\n", x, y, hcf);   printf("Least common multiple of %ld and %ld = %ld\n", x, y, lcm);   return 0; } /*if 1st no is 0 then 2nd no is gcd make 2nd no 0 by subtracting smallest from largest and return 1st no as gcd*/ long gcd(long x, long y) {   if (x == 0) {   return y;   }   while (y != 0) {   if (x > y) {     x = x - y;   }   else {     y = y - x;   } } return x; }

Leap year #include < stdio.h > int main() {   int year;   printf("Enter a year to check if it is a leap year\n");   scanf("%d", &year);   if ( year%400 == 0)   printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);   else if ( year%100 == 0)   printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);   else if ( year%4 == 0 )   printf("%d is a leap year.\n", year);   else   printf("%d is not a leap year.\n", year);   return 0; }

Check vowel #include < stdio.h > int main() {   char ch;   printf("Input a character\n");   scanf("%c", &ch);   switch(ch)   {   case 'a':   case 'A':   case 'e':   case 'E':   case 'i':   case 'I':   case 'o':   case 'O':   case 'u':   case 'U':   printf("%c is a vowel.\n", ch);   break;   /*if ch matches any case then it prints & breaks the execution */   default:   printf("%c is not a vowel.\n", ch);  /*if the ch is not from the cases then prints ch is not a vowel */   }   return 0; }

Volume of Sphere #include < stdio.h > #include < math.h > void main() { float radius,pie,volume; pie=3.1416; printf("Enter the radius:"); if(scanf("%f",&radius)==1) { volume=(4/3)*pie*pow(radius,3); printf("The volume is :%6.2f",volume); } else { printf("error ,enter correct value"); } }

Volume of Cylinder #include < stdio.h > void main() { float vol,pie=3.14; float r,h; printf("ENTER THE VALUE OF RADIOUS :- "); scanf("%f",&r); printf("ENTER THE VALUE OF HEIGHT :- "); scanf("%f",&h); vol = pie * r * r * h; printf("VOLUME OF CYLINDER IS :- %3.2f ",vol); }

Volume of Cube #include < stdio.h > void main() { float a; float surface_area,volume; printf("Enter size of any side of a cube : "); scanf("%f",&a); surface_area = 6 * (a * a); volume = a * a * a; printf("Surface area of cube is: %.3f",surface_area); printf("\nVolume of cube is : %.3f",volume); }

Area of Square #include < stdio.h > int main() { int side, area; printf("\nEnter the Length of Side : "); scanf("%d", &side); area = side * side; printf("\nArea of Square : %d", area); return (0); }

Area of Rectangle #include < stdio.h > #include < conio.h > int main() { int length, breadth, area; printf("\nEnter the Length of Rectangle : "); scanf("%d", &length); printf("\nEnter the Breadth of Rectangle : "); scanf("%d", &breadth); area = length * breadth; printf("\nArea of Rectangle : %d", area); return (0); }

Area of Circle #include < stdio.h > #include < math.h > #define PI 3.142 void main() { float radius, area; printf("Enter the radius of a circle \n"); scanf("%f", &radius); area = PI * pow(radius, 2); printf("Area of a circle = %5.2f\n", area); }

Computer Languages Machine languages are called 1st generation languages and assembly languages are 2nd generation languages.Higher level languages began to 3rd generation. 3rd Generation languages (3GL) 3rd generation languages make it easier to write structured programmes because they are the 1st languages to use english like phrasing they also make it easier for programmers to share in the development of programme. Team members can read each other source code and understand the logic and control flow . Example:c,c++,java,BASIC Another advantages of 3GL is portable.If you have a compiler or an interpreter for a particular computer and operating system you can use it to create an executable code from source code. Some of the currently programming languages >C is a structured programming languages. c produces programmes with fast and efficient executable code.C is a powerful language >C++ is an object oriented implementation of C.C++ is an extremely powerful and efficien...

A compiler on the other hand,Takes an entire high level programme and produce a machine code version out of it.This version is then run as a single programme The object code can be stored in the computers memory for executing in future.A compiler doesn't need to translate the source programme every time it need to the executed their by saving execution time Example: C compiler,C++ compiler

The interpreter and compiler perform same function but if fundamentally different ways.An interpreter translates the instructions of programme.One statement at a time.This translated code is first executed before the interpreter begins work on the next line.Tgus instructions are translated and executed simultaneously.The object code is stored in the computers memory for future use.The next time the instruction is to be used,it needs to be freshly translated by the interpreter

Programmes written in high level languages need to be converted into machine languages before the computer can execute them.Interpreters and compilers are translation or converting programmes that produce the machine code from high level languages. The original program is called source code.An after it is translated by the interpreter or the compiler,it is called an object programme​

High level languages High level languages were developed for make programming easier.Tgese languages are called higher level languages.Because there syntax is more like human language than assembly or machine language code.Higher level programming languages use familiar words rather than make up machine instructions.To express computer operations.These languages use operators such as the + and - sign that are the familiar components of mathematics.As a result people can read,Write and understand computer programmes much more easily when using a high level language.Still the instructions must be translated inyo machine language before the computer can understand and carry them out.

Assembly Languages Assembly languages are developed by short English like abrivation.Common elements of machine code to develop software in an assembly language.A programmer uses a text editor (A simple word processor) to create source file.To convert source files into object code the developer uses a special translator program called an assembler to convert each line of assembly language into one line of machine code.Although assembly language are highly detailed they are still much easier to use than machine language.

Machine language Machine   languages are the most fundamental of language.Using a machine languages a programmer creates instructions in the form of machine code (Ones and zeros).That a computer can follow machine languages are defined by hardware, Designs in other words the machine language for a Macintosh is not same as the machine language for a Pentium PC.In  fact a computer understand only native machine language the commands in it's instruction set is commands interact the computer to perform operation such as loading, Storing, Adding and Substraction

Developing Desktop Applications Web Applications like Linkedin.com, Snapdeal.com etc Enterprise Applications such as banking applications Mobile Operating System like Android Embedded Systems Robotics and games etc.

Java is a high-level programming language originally developed by Sun Microsystems and released in 1995. Oracle Corporation took acquisition of Sun Microsystems in 2009-10. Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the various versions of UNIX. Features of Java : Simple Object-Oriented Platform independent Secured Robust Architecture neutral Portable Dynamic Interpreted High Performance Multithreaded Distributed What is JVM ?  Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a virtual Machine that provides runtime environment to execute java byte code. The JVM doesn't understand Java typo, that's why you compile your *.java files to obtain *.class files that contain the bytecodes understandable by the JVM.  What is JRE ?  The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) provides the libraries, the Java Virtual Machine, and other components to run applets and applications written in the Java programming language. JRE does not contain tools and utilities s...

Programming languages are devised into 3 types 1.Machine language 2.Assembly language 3.High level language

Application Software tells the computer how to accomplish a specific task such as word-processing or Drawing for the user.Thousands of application are available for many purposes and the some of the major categories are 1.Word-processing Software For creating text based document example MS word 2. Spreadsheet Software For creating numeric based document such as balance sheet example MS Excel 3.Database Management Software For building and manipulating large set of data such as the names, Address and phone numbers in telephone directory Example MS Access 4.Presentation Software For creating and presenting slideshows example MS Power Point 5.Graphics Programs for designing and manipulating photograph for animation 6.Multimedia Application For building digital movie that incorporate sound,video, Animation and interactive features Example windows movie Maker 7.Entertainment and education software . Example any games 8.Web Design tool and web browser and other internet appl...

System software Any programs that control the computers hardware or that can be used to maintain the computer in some way so that it runs more efficiently.These are 3 basic types of system software a.Operating System An operating system tells the computer how to use it own components.It is essential, Because it acts as an interface between the hardware, application program and the user Eg: Windows, Linux B.Network operating system Network operating system allows the computer to communicate and share data across a network while controlling network operation and network security. C.Utility Utility is a program that make the computer system easier to use and perform highly specialised function utilities are used to manage disk, trouble shoot hardware problems and perform other task.Operating system may not be able to do.

Software The ingredients that enables a computer to perform a specific task is software, Which consist​ of instructions.A set of instructions that drive a computer to perform specific task is called program.These instructions tell the machine physical components what to do,without the instruction a computer couldn't do anything at all.Software that are classified into two category 1.System software 2.Application software

Characters of a computer speed storage/ memory Accuracy Deligence Versatality No IQ No feeling 1.Speed Computers  are very fast.They can process millions of instructions in a second.Speed is related to the amount of data it process​ and the time to complete the processing task 2.Storage Computer have their main memory and auxiliary memory a computer can store a large amount of data.The factor that makes computers storage unique is not that it can store vast amount of data,but the fact that it can return in a few seconds 3.Accuracy In addition to being fast computers are also accurate.The degree of accuracy for a particular computer depends upon its design.Most errors in computer are known of a technical failure and be human.Usually programmers are responsible for these errors 4.Deligence computer cab perform any complicated task accurately without making any error.Computer do no suffer from carelessness borden, tiredness more over their effecientcy doesn't decr...

Computer A computer is an electronic device that process data ,converting it into information that is useful to people Parts of computer A complete computer system contains 4 parts. 1.Hardware-keyboard CPU Mouse 2.Software-MS Point,MS word 3 D ata 12,24 4.User 1.Hardware T he mechanical device that make the computer are called hardware. hardware is any part of a computer which which can touch. A computer Hardware consist of interconnected electronic devices that you can use to control the computer operation. Eg: Monitor, Printer...etc 2.Software software is a set of instructions that makes the computer to performs the task in other words software tells the the computer what to do. some programs the term program refers to any peace of software exist primarily for the computer used to help it perform the task and manage its on resources. other types of programmes exist for the user enabling into perfect task such as relating documents eg: operating system,MS word 3.D...